Sher Shah’s successor, Sikander Shah Sur was driven out from North India to Bihar and was in this manner constrained to surrender in 1557. Akbar was a warrior, emperor, general, animal trainer (reputedly keeping thousands of hunting cheetahs during his reign and training many himself), and theologian. The arrow pierced his right shoulder. "[73], Akbar's system of central government was based on the system that had evolved since the Delhi Sultanate, but the functions of various departments were carefully reorganised by laying down detailed regulations for their functioning[citation needed], Akbar set about reforming the administration of his empire's land revenue by adopting a system that had been used by Sher Shah Suri. [16] There he met and married the then 14-year-old Hamida Banu Begum, daughter of Shaikh Ali Akbar Jami, a Persian teacher of Humayun's younger brother Hindal Mirza. Akbar's guardian, Bairam Khan concealed the death in order to prepare for Akbar's succession. [209][210], Citing Akbar's melding of the disparate 'fiefdoms' of India into the Mughal Empire as well as the lasting legacy of "pluralism and tolerance" that "underlies the values of the modern republic of India", Time magazine included his name in its list of top 25 world leaders. The Portuguese Governor, upon the request of Akbar, sent him an ambassador to establish friendly relations. 45. Chicago, ALA Editions, A History of Hindi Literature, By F. E. Keay, p. 36. [69], Kandahar was the name given by Arab historians to the ancient Indian kingdom of Gandhara. A cultivated area where crops grew well was measured and taxed through fixed rates based on the area's crop and productivity. [152] Celibacy was respected, chastity enforced, the slaughter of animals was forbidden and there were no sacred scriptures or a priestly hierarchy. During his rule, the Mughal Empire tripled in size and wealth. He did not leave Fatehpur Sikri on a military campaign until 1581, when Punjab was again invaded by his brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim. [57] Furthermore, Gujarat had been a haven for rebellious Mughal nobles, while in Bengal, the Afghans still held considerable influence under their ruler, Sulaiman Khan Karrani. [141][142] The mahzar asserted that Akbar was the Khalifa of the age, a higher rank than that of a Mujtahid: in case of a difference of opinion among the Mujtahids, Akbar could select any one opinion and could also issue decrees that did not go against the nass. Raja Bahgwan Das was despatched on this service. "Akbar deserves credit for the excellence of his extremely varied coinage, as regards purity of metal, fullness of weight and artistic execution." To further strengthen his position in dealing with the Qazis, Akbar issued a mazhar, or declaration, that was signed by all major ulemas in 1579. Subsequently, he celebrated the victories over Chittor and Ranthambore by laying the foundation of a new walled capital, 23 miles (37 km) west of Agra in 1569, which was named Fatehpur ("town of victory") after the conquest of Gujarat in 1573 and subsequently came to be known as Fatehpur Sikri in order to distinguish it from other similarly named towns. Marvijayottunga-Varman in building a Buddhist . [196] She came to Ajmer and waited upon Akbar. 1. The Portuguese made mention of the extraordinary status of the vessel and the special status to be accorded to its occupants. The nimbus formed a special feature of Mughal portraiture under, (A) Shah Jahan      (B) Aurangzeb       (C) Jahangir       (D) Akbar, 11. A few months later, Humayun died. 76. [82] Each mansabdar was required to maintain a certain number of cavalrymen and twice that number of horses. Their comments enraged the Imams and Ulama, who objected to the remarks, but Akbar ordered their comments to be recorded and observed the Jesuits and their behaviour carefully. Umar acquiesced, and Abu Bakr dictated the testament to Usman in the following terms: "In the name of Most Merciful God. [89][90][91], However, Akbar's policy of matrimonial alliances marked a departure in India from previous practice in that the marriage itself marked the beginning of a new order of relations, wherein the Hindu Rajputs who married their daughters or sisters to him would be treated on par with his Muslim fathers-in-law and brothers in-law in all respects except being able to dine and pray with him or take Muslim wives. She died on 19 May 1623. When offered the choice between death and conversion by Aurangzeb, the Sikh Guru chose the former and was executed. Jahandar Shah Rafi Ul Darjat Mohammad Shah Rangila Farrukhsiyar 3). (A) Aziz-ud-din Alamgir II      (B) Akbar Shah II      (C) Bahadur Shah II       (D) Shah Alam II. Following a brief confrontation, however, Muhammad Hakim accepted Akbar's supremacy and retreated back to Kabul. 35. Who amongst the following Sikh Gurus was tortured to death by Jahangir on a charge of treason ? He carries his head bent towards the right shoulder. Among the Rajputs, the first to feel the heat of Akbar’s juggernaut was Raja Maldeo of Marwar who lost Ajmer, Nagaur and Jetaran, and was forced to send his son Udai Singh to the Mughal court as hostage. 59. Who among the following, was incharge of land revenue system during the reign of Akbar ? The only centre of Afghan power was now in Bengal, where Sulaiman Khan Karrani, an Afghan chieftain whose family had served under Sher Shah Suri, was reigning in power. [70] It was intimately connected with the Mughals since the time of their ancestor, Timur, the warlord who had conquered much of Western, Central, and parts of South Asia in the 14th century. The empire's permanent standing army was quite small and the imperial forces mostly consisted of contingents maintained by the mansabdars. Among the following whose empire was the largest ? As a consequence of this colonialism, all other trading entities were subject to the terms and conditions of the Portuguese, and this was resented by the rulers and traders of the time including Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. Chandragupta 2 ( 375/380 - 415 ce) was the Gupta ruler, son of Samudragupta (335 - 375 ce) & Datta Devi, who ruled over whole North India, West India, Deccan & Part of South India(Indirectly) . [48] As the head of the Sisodia clan, he possessed the highest ritual status of all the Rajput kings and chieftains in India. cavalry, infantry, elephants, artillery and navy. In the field of art and architecture, biographer of one of the great Mughals wrote that his sovereign "planned splendid edifices and dressed the work of his mind and heart in the garment of stone and clay". [57] However, it fell only after a couple of months. A Century of Political Decline: 1707–1803", "Six Ottoman Documents on Mughal-Ottoman Relations During The Reign of Akbar", "Book Reviews: Naimur Rahman Farooqi, Mughal-Ottoman Relations: A Study of the Political and Diplomatic Relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556–1748, Delhi", "Din-i Ilahi – Britannica Online Encyclopedia", "Setting the Record Wrong: A Sanskrit Vision of Mughal Conquests", "Art Access: Indian, Himalayan, and Southeast Asian", "Abhishek Nigam to play the grown-up Akbar in Big Magic show", History of the friendship between Akbar and Birbal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akbar&oldid=1005870611, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2010, Articles needing additional references from June 2018, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The judiciary was a separate organisation headed by a chief, Akbar was portrayed in the award-winning 1960, Akbar and Birbal were portrayed in the Hindi series, Since 2013–2015, a television series, called, Abhishek Nigam portrayed Akbar in BIG MAGIC's historical drama, A fictionalised Akbar plays an important supporting role in, Akbar is mentioned as 'Raja Baadshah' in the, Akbar is also the AI Personality of India in the renowned game. Which one of the following titles conferred. Ayatollah Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani: The 80-year-old moderate politician was among the founding members of the Islamic republic and its president, from 1989 to … Which of the following was the official court language during Akbar's reign ? [167], The Indian Supreme Court has cited examples of co-existence of Jain and Mughal architecture, calling Akbar "the architect of modern India" and that "he had great respect" for Jainism. 3. (A) Diwan or Wazir      (B) Mir Bakshi       (C) Sadr-us-Sadr      (D) Vakil. Delhi was left under the regency of Tardi Baig Khan. [65] The leaders of the movement were captured and driven into exile. Several Uzbek chieftains were subsequently slain and the rebel leaders trampled to death under elephants. This great Mughal Emperor was, (A) Babar        (B) Akbar        (C) Jahangir       (D) Shah Jahan, 22. “Muazzama” was the title of which of the following Mughal Emperors? Once free from the tutelage of Bairam Khan and Maham Anaga, Akbar formed an ambitious design of conquering northern India. [48] Akbar did not personally lead the campaign because he was preoccupied with the Uzbek rebellion, leaving the expedition in the hands of Asaf Khan, the Mughal governor of Kara. (A) Fergusson        (B) Percy Brown        (C) V.A. He reigned from 1556 to 1605 and extended Mughal power over most of the Indian subcontinent. Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic state identity, Akbar strove to unite far-flung lands of his realm through loyalty, expressed through an Indo-Persian culture, to himself as an emperor. Amir Khusrau: B). PLEASE NOTE: If you do not see a GRAPHIC IMAGE of a family tree here but are seeing this text instead then it is most probably because the web server is not correctly configured to serve svg pages correctly. Before serving on Akbar’s court, he was on the court of King Ram Chand. [159], Akbar decreed that Hindus who had been forced to convert to Islam could reconvert to Hinduism without facing the death penalty. (A) Akbar        (B) Aurangzeb        (C) Jahangir        (D) Shah Jahan. In this text it is stated that Akbar "was a miraculous child" and that he would not follow the previous "violent ways" of the Mughals. Mughal power has been seen as owing to their mastery of the techniques of warfare, especially the use of firearms encouraged by Akbar. [39][43] However, Akbar methodically re-introduced a historical legacy of the Timurid Renaissance that his ancestors had left. (A) Rafi-ud-Darjat        (B) Jahandar Shah        (C) Farrukhsiyar       (D) Shah Jahan II, 88. Amir Khusrau. He firmly entrenched the authority of the Mughal Empire in India and beyond, after it had been threatened by the Afghans during his father's reign,[207] establishing its military and diplomatic superiority. [208] During his reign, the nature of the state changed to a secular and liberal one, with emphasis on cultural integration. [182], His second wife was the daughter of Abdullah Khan Mughal. [118], According to some accounts Akbar expressed a desire to form an alliance with the Portuguese, mainly in order to advance his interests, but whenever the Portuguese attempted to invade the Ottomans, Akbar proved abortive. All of the following Muslim scholars of Akbar's court rendered the epic Mahabharata into Persian, except, (A) Abdul Qadir Badauni       (B) Haji Ibrahim Sarhindi       (C) Naqib Khan      (D) Shaikh Sultan of Thaneshwar. A. Prataparudra I B. Rudramadevi C. Mahadeva D. Prolaraja I. Akbar's response demonstrated his ability to clamp firm military control over the Afghan tribes. [160] In his days of tolerance he was so well liked by Hindus that there are numerous references to him, and his eulogies are sung in songs and religious hymns as well. Mahmud celebrated the occasion by holding extravagant feasts for fifteen days. Akbar's courts at Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri became centres of the arts, letters, and learning. Shah Alam II Mohammad Shah Bahadur Shah Zafar Jahandar Shah 2). [178] Such hagiographical accounts of Akbar traversed a wide range of denominational and sectarian spaces, including several accounts by Parsis, Jains and Jesuit missionaries, apart from contemporary accounts by Brahminical and Muslim orthodoxy. [62] In August 1581, Akbar seized Kabul and took up residence at Babur's old citadel. Many favored Jahangir’s eldest son, Khusrau, to succeed Akbar as emperor, but Jahangir forcefully ascended days after Akbar's death. Akbar and his forces occupied Lahore and then seized Multan in the Punjab. [71] Beleaguered by constant Uzbek raids, and seeing the reception of Rostom Mirza at the Mughal court, the Safavid prince and governor of Kandahar, Mozaffar Hosayn, also agreed to defect to the Mughals. Aurangzeb -- View Answer: 3). [48] He pardoned the rebellious leaders, hoping to conciliate them, but they rebelled again, so Akbar had to quell their uprising a second time. He was born in Umarkot (now Pakistan). The soul is encouraged to purify itself through yearning of God. Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti: D). The principal purpose of Akbar in following the strategy of befriending Rajputs and seeking their cooperation was to, (B) Strengthen the foundations of Mughal Empire in India, (D) Check the inflow of foreign invaders of India, 96. [21] Out of affection to the memory of his brother, Humayun betrothed Hindal's nine-year-old daughter Ruqaiya to his son Akbar. However, the city was soon abandoned and the capital was moved to Lahore in 1585. Mozaffar Hosayn, who was in any case in an adversary relationship with his overlord, Shah Abbas, was granted a rank of 5000 men, and his daughter Kandahari Begum was married to Akbar's grandson, the Mughal prince, Khurram. The Brahmin minister of Shambhaji (Son and Successor of Shivaji) upon whom he invested the title of 'Pinnacle of Poets' was Question 13 Akbar'a son and successor Salim, on becoming the emperor, assumed the name of Question 14 [124] Consequently, the city, which was being administered by Bairam Khan at the time of Akbar's accession, was invaded and captured by the Persian ruler Husain Mirza, a cousin of Tahmasp I, in 1558. Jahangir, the successor of Akbar, was also a great lover of learning. He also married the daughter of Rawal Har Rai, the ruler of Jaisalmer in 1570. Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar was proclaimed Emperor in, (A) 1556 AD        (B) 1557 AD        (C) 1558 AD        (D) 1560 AD. [35] Mughal firearms in the time of Akbar came to be far superior to anything that could be deployed by regional rulers, tributaries, or by zamindars. During his reign Akbar himself is known to have sent six documents addressing the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Which of the following statements about the style of architecture from the Turko-Afghan kings to the Mughal Period is not correct ? 67. The suspicious nature of Aurangzeb which did not permit either any of his sons or nobles to become capable; his religious bigotry which lost him the loyalty of the majority of his subjects and resulted in the revolts of the Jats, the Satnamis and the Sikhs; the Rajput policy which resulted in fighting against the states of Mewar and Marwar; and, his Decc… [57], Having established his authority over Gujarat, Akbar returned to Fatehpur Sikiri, where he built the Buland Darwaza to commemorate his victories, but a rebellion by Afghan nobles supported by the Rajput ruler of Idar, and the renewed intrigues of the Mirzas forced his return to Gujarat. [39], Urged by Bairam Khan, who re-marshalled the Mughal army before Hemu could consolidate his position, Akbar marched on Delhi to reclaim it. The Afridi and Orakzai tribes, which had risen up under the Roshaniyyas, had been subjugated. Open to his population, Akbar integrates into the administration of the members of several ethnic groups for which he is responsible. [166] Jain authors also wrote about their experience at the Mughal court in Sanskrit texts that are still largely unknown to Mughal historians. 61. Then he and Bairam Khan returned to Punjab to deal with Sikandar Shah, who had become active again. But, policy was… In turn, the zamindars were given a hereditary right to collect a share of the produce. In which of the following fields could they not succeed fully ? [62] In contrast to the problem that his predecessors once had in getting Mughal nobles to stay on in India, the problem now was to get them to leave India. The reign of Akbar was characterised by commercial expansion. 16. Who among the following Hindi poets of Emperor Akbar's court was the author of a large number of first-rate poems depicting Lord Krishna's life in the woods of Vrindaban ? [57] Akbar would celebrate his conquest of Rajputana by laying the foundation of a new capital, 23 miles (37 km) W.S.W of Agra in 1569. [164], Akbar was impressed by the scholastic qualities and character of the Acharya. 46. [66] In return, Abdullah Khan agreed to refrain from supporting, subsidising, or offering refuge to the Afghan tribes hostile to the Mughals. from him [/correctAnswer] 71. Question 41: Who was the successor of Shivaji? [155][156], It has been argued that the theory of Din-i-Ilahi being a new religion was a misconception that arose because of erroneous translations of Abul Fazl's work by later British historians. [163] Even as he was in the Punjab, 200 miles away from the Ganges, the water was sealed in large jars and transported to him. Which of the following Emperors was deposed by the Sayyid brothers with the help of the Marathas ? Akbar's reign significantly influenced the course of Indian history. He had Sanskrit literature translated, participated in native festivals, realising that a stable empire depended on the co-operation and good-will of his subjects. Thus freed, Akbar began a series of campaigns to pacify the Yusufzais and other rebels. 43. Who among the following is regarded as responsible for the firm re-establishment of the Mughal rule in Hindustan in the latter half of 16th century ? Rajatarangini of Kalhan, a Sanskrit history of Kashmir, was translated into Persian by, 68. [62], Following his conquests of Gujarat and Bengal, Akbar was preoccupied with domestic concerns. The State Bar was established in 1964 as the successor of the prior voluntary Georgia Bar ... were among 11 petitioners from around the state listed on the association's corporate charter when it was granted by the Superior Court of Bibb County on July 19, 1884. When summoned to give accounts, he fled Gondwana. The soldiers were provided with pay eight months in advance. 50. Who among the following was the accredited Ambassador of the King of England, James I, to the Mughal Emperor Jahangir's court ? AkbAr’s successors; The empire’s decline And decAy Who ruled after Akbar? Akbar rode alone in advance of his escort and was confronted by a tigress who, along with her cubs, came out from the shrubbery across his path. XI. [146] However, his interaction with various religious theologians had convinced him that despite their differences, all religions had several good practices, which he sought to combine into a new religious movement known as Din-i-Ilahi. [66] Akbar immediately fielded new armies to reinvade the Yusufzai lands under the command of Raja Todar Mal. [24] She was his first wife and chief consort. Ranthambore was held by the Hada Rajputs and reputed to be the most powerful fortress in India. [68] Akbar and the Persian Shah continued to exchange ambassadors and presents. Akbar's buildings at Fatehpur Sikri are famous for, (A) Construction of the first bulbous dome in India, (B) Synthesis of trabeate and arcuate styles, (D) The use of marble on an extensive scale, 13. [64] The gravest threat came from the Uzbeks, the tribe that had driven his grandfather, Babur, out of Central Asia. [103], In September 1579 Jesuits from Goa were invited to visit the court of Akbar. Itimad Khan was sent with Miran's ambassadors, and when he came near the fort of Asir, which was Miran's residence. [170] Believed to be dyslexic, he was read to everyday and had a remarkable memory.[171]. To minimise such incidents, bands of highway police called rahdars were enlisted to patrol roads and ensure safety of traders. [75] Under the new system, revenue was calculated as one-third of the average produce of the previous ten years, to be paid to the state in cash. It was —, (A) A code of conduct       (B) An Islamic doctrine       (C) A Hindu law influenced by Islam       (D) None of the above, 4. A. Ambadeva B. Recharla Rudra C. Jayapasenani D. Kayasthagangaya. [65] Jalaluddin, the son of the Roshaniyya movement's founder, Bayazid, was killed in 1601 in a fight with Mughal troops near Ghazni. Bairam Khan was ultimately able to prevail over the nobles, however, and it was decided that the Mughals would march against the strongest of the Sur rulers, Sikandar Shah Suri, in the Punjab. The copper coin of Akbar was known as Dam (1/25 of the Dam, known as Jeetal). The fortress-capital of Mewar was of great strategic importance as it lay on the shortest route from Agra to Gujarat and was also considered a key to holding the interior parts of Rajputana. The proposal was accepted by Akbar. [citation needed], Akbar's religious tolerance was not followed by his son Jahangir, who even threatened Akbar's former friend Bhanuchandra.[169]. [57] In 1572, he moved to occupy Ahmedabad, the capital, and other northern cities, and was proclaimed the lawful sovereign of Gujarat. [139] He suppressed Mahdavism in 1573 during his campaign in Gujarat, in the course of which the Mahdavi leader Bandagi Miyan Sheik Mustafa was arrested and brought in chains to the court for debate and released after eighteen months. Kamala Devi, a younger sister of Durgavati, was sent to the Mughal harem. [56] Udai Singh's power and influence was broken. (A) Ahmed Shah Abdali       (B) Nadir Shah       (C) Chin Qilich Khan       (D) Mir Mannu, Abdali's Governor in Lahore, 25. 80. The establishment of the Mughal administration, on ideas and principles different from Sultans of Delhi, was mainly the work of, (A) Akbar       (B) Jahangir       (C) Shah Jahan       (D) Aurangzeb, 91. The Mughal emperors (or Moghul) built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.The Mughals began to rule parts of India from 1526, and by 1700 ruled most of the sub-continent. Akbar was succeeded as emperor by his son, Prince Salim, later known as Jahangir. Akbar also introduced the custom of taking roll of the soldiers and branding of horses. 58. 93. Akbar’s military consisted of several division viz. [125] However, the death of Tahmasp I in 1576 resulted in civil war and instability in the Safavid empire, and diplomatic relations between the two empires ceased for more than a decade. (A) Ali Qulikhan        (B) Bairam Khan       (C) Mir Abdul Latif       (D).None of these.
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